Implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective Smart Home

Implementation of Reliable and Cost Effective Smart Home Automation is the trend that will define the way we will live and work over the next decade. Current home automation systems have limitations in terms of wireless connectivity, speed, interference, bandwidth and cost of implementation. The proposed smart home system provides wireless control of appliances such as lights, fans, and alarms by using sensors and Bluetooth. Bluetooth provides higher transmission speed, greater bandwidth, and consumes less power than existing wireless protocols. Further, the cost of implementation is minimized with the use of sensors and Bluetooth. This design incorporates an ARM7 processor that continuously collects light intensity, temperature, and carbon-monoxide levels from sensors and compares it with threshold levels, to determine the control operation to be performed on home appliances. The ARM7 processor access appliances using Bluetooth. Further, this smart home system also allows individuals to directly control their appliances through a smartpho ne-based android application. This smart home system is implemented and tested under varying conditions to represent its efficiency. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADC Analog to Digital Converter ARM Advanced RISC Machines BLE Bluetooth Low Energy CPSR Current Program Status Register DTE Data Terminal Equipment FEC Forward Error Correction FH-CDMA Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access FIQ Fast Interrupt Request HVAC High Voltage Alternating Current LCD Liquid Crystal Display PPM RISC Parts Per Million Reduced Instruction Set Computer RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UPB Universal Powerline Bus USB Universal Serial Bus CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Home Automation Worlds Fair of 1934 in Chicago marked the birth of home automation. Initially, the industry could not make an enormous impact on society. The reason for the slow start was high price and complexity making it hard to install. However as smartphones and tablets came into existence, the implementation of this technology became much easier. The automation technology helps in achieving greater efficiency and provides higher security. Expectations from a Smart Home The major parameters to look for in the implementation of a smart home can be as follows: Compatibility of the protocol. The system should communicate with the major protocols in home automation like ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Bluetooth. Wireless access. The system should be capable of wireless connection such as Wi-Fi Connectivity thereby eliminating all physical complexities. Scope for expansion. The system should support a higher number of products. Scope for scheduling. The design of the system should be able to support scheduling of different tasks at home like turning off lights when nobody at home. Remote access. Having an Android support is imperative these days. If the system is compatible with a smartphone, it makes this process very smooth as almost every individual today has a smartphone. Emergency notification. The system should send messages indicating emergency or threat to the house. Smart Home Community Response Various studies have been conducted to find out if consumers are ready to take up smart home technology. A study from Coldwell Banker Real Estate and CNET carried out in June 2015, said that 28% of internet users in The United States have smart homes and 90% of them would recommend smart home technology. The report also suggests that 25% of Americans use smart home products which save them around 30 minutes a day on average which are equivalent to $1,000 per year. As per a survey, 75% of the smart homeowners believe that this technology brings peace of mind regarding security. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Existing Protocols in Home Automation Industry The increase in the use of smart home systems leads to the development of different protocols. The protocols are selected based on the type of communication among various connected devices. Let us see the major protocols in home automation industry: X10 Technology X10 is the oldest home automation protocol developed in 1970. Initially, the technology was a powerline-based system which slowly went wireless. X10 technology uses the power lines in the home to allow communication between various appliances. X10 is reliable as it makes use of power lines. However, it is subject to interference from other devices in the circuit. It does not provide a speed communication between devices. It can only perform 16 commands sent one at a time. INSTEON Technology INSTEON was introduced in the year 2005. It was designed to bridge the gap between powerline systems and wireless protocols. INSTEON is compatible with X10 technology making it easy for those who have an existing X10 network. It supports automation novices which make setting up or adding devices easy for the non-technical users. INSTEON can support more than 65,000 commands. It is capable of transmitting commands with little interference. One need not have to enroll INSTEON into home automation network. INSTEON network can have more than 400 devices connected in a single installation. The dual-band mesh network can convert all powerline-operated devices into repeaters ZigBee Technology ZigBee is a wireless communication standard built by IEEE. It runs on 802.15.4 wireless communication standard. ZigBee is growing significantly in recent times. However, ZigBees full acceptance as a home automation protocol is still in question. The reason being its interoperability. In most cases, ZigBee devices have difficulty in communicating with devices from other manufacturers. Each device uses different methods to accomplish the same task which causes the difficulty in communication. Perhaps, for the same reason, manufacturers use ZigBee to limit third-party devices. Wi-Fi Technology Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi makes use of radio frequency transmission of data through the air. Speed in a Wi-Fi connection may vary from 1mbps to 2mbps. Wi-Fi works in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. The range for Wi-Fi is 40-300 feet. Wi-Fi runs on an inbuilt technology known as frequency division multiplexing technology. However, the major drawback with Wi-Fi is the interference and bandwidth issues. With too many Wi-Fi compatible devices, each device must fight for bandwidth resulting in more time to respond thereby making it work slowly. Also, Wi-Fi consumes much power. CHAPTER 3 BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY In 1994, Ericsson Mobile Communications was the first to initiate research on the possibility of wireless links. Their aim was to develop a cost-effective solution to replace cables as a mode of communication between computers and peripherals. Ericsson along with Nokia, Intel, IBM, and Toshiba, formed a group known as Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) with a common motive of developing the unique technology. The first Bluetooth technical specification released in 1999. Bluetooth Specification Bluetooth specification for Classic Bluetooth/Bluetooth Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) is below in Table 1. TABLE 1. Specifications of Classic Bluetooth Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth Modulation Technique Frequency Hopping Modulation Scheme GFSK Modulation Index 0.35 Number of Channels 79 Channel Bandwidth 1 MHz Nominal Data Rate 1-3 Mbps Application Throughput 0.7 2.1 Mbps Nodes/Active Slaves 7 Security 56 128 bit Voice Capable Bluetooth Technology A Good Choice for Smart Home Bluetooth is a solution to some different issues which existed earlier, like: Speed.Bluetooth provides a transmission speed of 1 Mbps. It can handle up to three voice channels simultaneously. Power.Bluetooth technology has a special feature of limiting the transmitters power as per the demand. With the help of a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a Bluetooth receiver can determine the transmission power required by the transmitter. Security.Bluetooth has three built-in features which aim at providing secure data or voice transmission Prevents access to transmitted data by providing proper authentication. Data is encrypted over-the-air (OTA) which eliminated eaves-droppings. Also, an appropriate key is required to decrypt such data It makes use of Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FHSS) which further eliminates eavesdropping Reliability.Bluetooth Technology uses three techniques to ensure protocol reliability. They are Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access (FH-CDMA), Error Correction and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Therefore, with the help of these techniques, the performance degradation is minimized. CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS Hardware Components TABLE 2. Components Required for the Design Power Supply 12V DC Battery Processor Advanced RISC Machine (ARM7) Serial Communication Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART) Wireless Communication Bluetooth Module Sensors Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Temperature Sensor (LM35), and Gas Sensor (MQ-2) Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)Smart Phone Display Loads/Appliances/Devices LED, Computer Fan, and Alarm/Buzzer Software Applications TABLE 3. Software Required for the Design MATLAB To capture the sensor outputs KEIL To write the code for the functioning of processor Flash Magic To deploy the code into the processor SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT Power Supply The prototype uses an AJC D1.3S battery with 12 Volt/1.3Ah configuration. Liquid Crystal Display The prototype uses an 1602A LCD module with following features 16 Character x 2 Line Single power supply of 5V Input data 4-bits or 8-bits interface 1/16Duty, 1/5Bias Relay The prototype uses NRP07-C12DS relay to control the loads. Rating 10A/28VDC Maximum Switching Voltage 30VDC Operate Time 8msec. Max Release Time 5msec. Max Bluetooth Module BT24 Bluetooth module is a low cost series from Amped RF Technology. Configuration Cortex-M3 microprocessor up to 72MHz UART, up to 921K baud 13 general purpose I/O 4 x 12-bit A/D inputs AmpedUP Bluetooth stack (SPP, IAP, A2DP) Support Apple IOS/MFI Bluetooth devices. BT24 Features Bluetooth v3.0 Range up to 60m LOS 400 Kbps data through-put 128-bit encryption security. Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) Processor In 1985, Acorn computers developed the first prototype of ARM in England. ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine. Currently, ARM is designed and marketed by ARM Holdings. As the name suggests, ARM uses RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture. The design, instruction set and decode mechanism of the RISC is much simpler than Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) design. ARM Features ARM7 has the following features: 32-bit RISC processor Low power consumption: 0.6mA/MHz at 3V fabricated Fast interrupt response for real-time applications Fully static operation ideal for power sensitive applications High-performance RISC: 17 MIPS sustained at 25 MHz at 3V In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot- loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1ms. Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter (UART) UART is a chip designed to control all serial devices connected to a processor. The name asynchronous means that UART does not need a predefined clock for synchronization. UART comes with an RS232 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) which helps to communicate with serial devices. It has a Start bit, seven data bits, a parity bit and a stop bit. UART provides a full duplex transmission which means that data transfer is possible in two ways, simultaneously. Therefore, both the ends have to come to an agreement with the parameters like word length, a parity bit, and some stop bits. Features UART has the following features, Burst rates up to 6 M-bits/second High level of transmission and reception of data UART converts the received bytes into single serial bit stream for transmission Provides buffering of data to maintain the coordination of serial devices with the computer Parity, overrun and framing error detection. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor An LDR has a resistance which changes as per the amount of light falling upon it. It is often used to detect the presence of light in a circuit. An LDR has a high resistance of about 1000000 ohms. However, the resistance falls drastically once the bright light falls on it. Characteristics TABLE 4. LDR Characteristics Parameter Conditions Min Type Max Unit Cell Resistance 1000 LUX10 LUX 4009 OhmK Ohm Dark Resistance 1 M Ohm Dark Capacitance 3.5 pF Rise Time 1000 LUX10 LUX 2.818 msms Fall Time 1000 LUX10 LUX 48120 msms Voltage AC/DC Peak 320 V max Current 75 mA max Power Dissipation 100 mW max Operating Temperature -60 +75 Deg. C Temperature Sensor LM35 is a national semiconductor precision temperature sensor. It is a temperature sensitive voltage source. For every 1oC rise in temperature, the voltage increases by 10mV. In other words, the output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature. Specification Linear +10-mV/oC scale factor Rated for full -55 oC to 150 oC range Suitable for remote applications Operates from 4 V to 30 V Low self-heating, 0.08 oC in still air 0.5 oC ensured accuracy (at 25 oC). Smoke Sensor MQ-2 gas sensor consists of a sensitive material called SnO2. SnO2 has lower conductivity which helps in the working of MQ-2 in clean air. Characteristics High sensitivity to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen Sensitivity to Combustible gas in wide range Long Life and Low Cost Specifications TABLE 5. Specifications of Gas Sensor Concentration 300 10000ppm Loop Voltage 5 Slope

Effects of Having Long Term Separation from Parents

Questionnaire on the effects of long term separation from parents among college students Part I. Personal information of the respondents Instruction: Put a check (v) on the blank for your answer. A. Age ____ 15 ____ 16 ____ 17 ____ 18 Other (please specify) ______ B. Gender ____ Male ____ Female C. Who works abroad ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Both D. Whom do they live with ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Grandfather ____ Grandmother Other (please specify) ______ E. Number of years being separated ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ___ 6 and above f. age when parents left (please specify)___ Part II. Effect of long term separation from parents among Instructions: Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below. Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 – Strongly Agree2 – Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors| 4| 3| 2| 1| Psychological| Individual Perceptions on Parents Working Abroad| 1. M y parent/s work abroad to give me a better future| | | | | 2.My parent/s work abroad to fulfill their dreams| | | | | 3. My parents gave me material things just to cover their absence| | | | | 4. My parent/s gives everything that I ask for| | | | | 5. I lived my life normally without my parent/s | | | | | Feelings Towards Long Term Separation from Parents| 1. I feel the love and concern of my parent/s even they are not with me| | | | | 2. I missed my parent/s| | | | | 3. I hate my parent/s for living me| | | | | 4.I have difficulty on sharing my emotions and feelings to my parent/ s | | | | | 5. I feel secure with my present guardian| | | | | Mental| 1. I always attend my classes| | | | | 2. I always do my homework| | | | | 3. I always have good grades in academics| | | | | 4. I cheat during examinations| | | | | 5. I got involved in cutting classes| | | | | 6. My guardian help me in my studies| | | | | 7. I made my own decisions| | | | | Social| 1. I spent more time at home| | | | | 2.I have good communication with my parents through internet and phone calls| | | | | 3. I have lots of friends| | | | | 4. I sleep over with my friends most of the time| | | | | 5. I hang out with others most of the time| | | | | 6. I don’t attend family gathering | | | | | 7. I am a loner | | | | | 8. I am a member of a gang/ fraternity| | | | | III. Effect of the different factors in long term separation from parents among college students Instructions: Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below.Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 – Strongly Agree2 – Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors| 4| 3| 2| 1| Lifestyle| 1. I am an alcoholic| | | | | 2. I am a smoker| | | | | 3. I got involved in taking prohibited drugs| | | | | 4. I got involved in premarital sex| | | | | 5. I ate at home most of the time| | | | | 6. I don’t eat meals regularly| | | | | Behavior| 1. I obey my present guardian| | | | | 2. I obey my parent/s even they are not with me| | | | | 3. I am independent| | | | | . I take the responsibilities in taking care of my siblings| | | | | 5. I always have enemy| | | | | 6. I got involved in bullying someone| | | | | 7. I argued with my siblings most of the time| | | | | Peer pressure| 1. I feel secure when I am with my friends| | | | | 2. My friends influenced me in smoking| | | | | 3. My friends influenced me in drinking| | | | | 4. I watched and read pornographic materials with my friends| | | | | 5. My friends share their sex experiences| | | | | 6. My friends helps me in my studies| | | | | Effects of Having Long Term Separation from Parents Questionnaire on the effects of long term separation from parents among college students Part I. Personal information of the respondents Instruction: Put a check (v) on the blank for your answer. A. Age ____ 15 ____ 16 ____ 17 ____ 18 Other (please specify) ______ B. Gender ____ Male ____ Female C. Who works abroad ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Both D. Whom do they live with ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Grandfather ____ Grandmother Other (please specify) ______ E. Number of years being separated ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ___ 6 and above f. age when parents left (please specify)___ Part II. Effect of long term separation from parents among Instructions: Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below. Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 – Strongly Agree2 – Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors| 4| 3| 2| 1| Psychological| Individual Perceptions on Parents Working Abroad| 1. M y parent/s work abroad to give me a better future| | | | | 2.My parent/s work abroad to fulfill their dreams| | | | | 3. My parents gave me material things just to cover their absence| | | | | 4. My parent/s gives everything that I ask for| | | | | 5. I lived my life normally without my parent/s | | | | | Feelings Towards Long Term Separation from Parents| 1. I feel the love and concern of my parent/s even they are not with me| | | | | 2. I missed my parent/s| | | | | 3. I hate my parent/s for living me| | | | | 4.I have difficulty on sharing my emotions and feelings to my parent/ s | | | | | 5. I feel secure with my present guardian| | | | | Mental| 1. I always attend my classes| | | | | 2. I always do my homework| | | | | 3. I always have good grades in academics| | | | | 4. I cheat during examinations| | | | | 5. I got involved in cutting classes| | | | | 6. My guardian help me in my studies| | | | | 7. I made my own decisions| | | | | Social| 1. I spent more time at home| | | | | 2.I have good communication with my parents through internet and phone calls| | | | | 3. I have lots of friends| | | | | 4. I sleep over with my friends most of the time| | | | | 5. I hang out with others most of the time| | | | | 6. I don’t attend family gathering | | | | | 7. I am a loner | | | | | 8. I am a member of a gang/ fraternity| | | | | III. Effect of the different factors in long term separation from parents among college students Instructions: Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below.Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 – Strongly Agree2 – Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors| 4| 3| 2| 1| Lifestyle| 1. I am an alcoholic| | | | | 2. I am a smoker| | | | | 3. I got involved in taking prohibited drugs| | | | | 4. I got involved in premarital sex| | | | | 5. I ate at home most of the time| | | | | 6. I don’t eat meals regularly| | | | | Behavior| 1. I obey my present guardian| | | | | 2. I obey my parent/s even they are not with me| | | | | 3. I am independent| | | | | . I take the responsibilities in taking care of my siblings| | | | | 5. I always have enemy| | | | | 6. I got involved in bullying someone| | | | | 7. I argued with my siblings most of the time| | | | | Peer pressure| 1. I feel secure when I am with my friends| | | | | 2. My friends influenced me in smoking| | | | | 3. My friends influenced me in drinking| | | | | 4. I watched and read pornographic materials with my friends| | | | | 5. My friends share their sex experiences| | | | | 6. My friends helps me in my studies| | | | |

The Collective Bargaining Process Of The Uaw - 1718 Words

This report represents the analysis of the collective bargaining process of the UAW (known as the CAW today) and GM (General Motors), presented in the film â€Å"The Final Offer†, 1985. Canada and the United States were part of the negotiations with General motors to reconcile a bargaining settlement in 1984. There was a compromise among labor and management that resulted to strike throughout months of the negotiation process. Craig as well as Hebdon and Brown have framed 3 hypotheses that will concentrate on the economic situation, the consequences of strike, in addition to, the community interests during bargaining and negotiations. The factors mentioned have been founded by categorizing the actors, diverse environments, outputs and the conversion mechanisms. Prior to analyzing the 3 hypotheses we should define the main actors that were a part of the negotiations. Management part included Rod Andrew (Canadian GM negotiator) and Roger B Smith (United States GM negotiator). Labor part included Owen Bieber (UAW agent), Buzz Hargrove and Bob Nickerson (UAWC deputies), as well as, Robert White (UAWC director). Also, the votes that powerfully counted were the Canadian plant legislators, therefore, based on that we count them as actors. During 4 nerve-wrecking months, there were comprehensive negotiations and discussions among the management and labor to achieve a sensible understanding agreement between the parties. The strike made an impact on the agreement, which made a greatShow MoreRelatedUnions and The Collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesUnions and The collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Being a part of a group or an association that you pay into as a worker should have benefits that can help you continue to improve their lives. The benefit of having someone speak up for you could be better pay, better health benefits, and being better treated in the work place. 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A Philosophical Metamorphosis Of Higher Education - 848 Words

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In addition to Historical events and Philosophical shif ts, two social movements from 1920 to 1950 consist of the women’s movement and the unemployment labor movement. Both would have impacts on higher education that resulted in changes in the curriculum, faculty and student body. With the passing of the 19th amendment granting women the right to vote, it is unavoidable to assess this time period without looking at the impact women had on the era. During the 1920’s women are breaking out of the harsh assessment that their only purpose in lifeShow MoreRelatedA Gathering Of Old Men By Ernest J. Gaines1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this passage, the ideological differences between generations become very apparent. The philosophical differences between Fix and his son, Gil, can be attributed to three things—time, education, and exposure to different groups of people. 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Cold War and Its Effects Essay - 1657 Words

The end of the cold war signified a new era of history that has changed the entire world. The face of Europe and Asia has changed dramatically. Vast changes have been felt socially, politically, and especially economically. Also the effect the cold war had on foreign policy was paramount. The effect of these changes is not only felt across the ocean but can be felt here in America. The goal of this paper is to define what the cold war specifically was, and reflect upon the various choices throughout the world as a result of the end of the cold war. The cold war was a period of time in which the United States was the world power in the western world. The Soviet Union (now Russia) was the leading power in the eastern world. While†¦show more content†¦Sometimes these decisions were not for the well being of other nations that depended on the Soviet Union for support. Nations like Hungary, Bulgaria, and Poland were under Soviet control, but were officially still independent nations. These extreme opposite viewpoints between the two superpowers caused immense tensions between the two nations and the world. The world was split in two in terms of who to support and which way of life was better. At the height of the cold war in the 1980s, President Reagan had vowed to outspend the Russians. I remember as a child Reagan coming on television and strategically showed the world how we were outspending the Russians. I did not realize at the time the importance of this news conference because two years later the wall fell in Germany and many nations such as Lithuania that were considered part of the USSR had been freed. Outspending the Russians had consequences both good and bad on the economy here in America. The good thing is that up until black Monday stock prices rose sharply, as the government was spending money subcontracting military applications to private firms such as Boeing, Lockheed, and even investing in the latest computer technology at that time, which the Soviets just could not keep up with. Interest rates were extremely high in the early part of the 1980s due to Reagans foreign policy efforts to get rid of communism. The amount of interest rates was nowhere nearShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And Its Effects On The Soviet War1343 Words   |  6 Pages Cold War Midterm Czechoslovakia 1968: Liberalization in the Eastern Bloc Michael Fritz Excelsior College September 17, 2014 The political landscape, economic climate change and religious beliefs all factored into the Cold War due the fact that it lasted nearly 5 decades. The Cold War changed histrionically from each administration change that every nation faced during these long time periods. In the Soviet Union political landscapes went from Stalin to Khruschev then Brezhnev, eachRead MoreEffects Of The Cold War On The World1572 Words   |  7 PagesNguyen The Cold War was a time of conflict that occurred somewhere around 1945 and 1990 although some International scholars held the thought that the Cold War began in 1917 Russian disclosure in any case, it was between the USA and its allies mostly the Western nations and the Eastern coalition led by the USSR however, the two forces did not battle or utilized weapons against one another, it was battled through Nuclear Arms race, intermediary wars, ideological impact and propaganda war and in thisRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Cold War1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand Effects of the Cold War Richard Nixon once said of the Cold War that â€Å"the Cold War isn t thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn t sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting.†(www.brainyquote.com). An analysis of the Cold War between 1947-1991 reveals that the Cold War was caused by a difference in political ideals between the USA and the Soviet Union, the aftermath of WWII, and the â€Å"Iron Curtain† in Europe. Further analysis reveals the Cold War contributedRead MoreThe Effect of the Cold War on the World1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe question suggests that the rivalry between the superpowers were responsible for worsening and prolonging the regional conflicts. The Cold War was the elongated tension between the Soviet Union and the United States of America. It started in the mid 40s after WWII had left Europe in shambles and USSR and US in superpower positions. The Cold War was a clash of these superpowers in political, ideological, security, an d economic values and ideas. It caused a bipolar system in the world where thereRead MoreGlobal Effects Of The Cold War1311 Words   |  6 PagesAmanda Fuchs The Global Effects of the Cold War and Decolonization The Cold War, also known as what could have been the third world war, conquered the second half of the 20th century. This international crisis, beginning at the end of World War II, is defined as the period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. There are numerous reasons as to why many believed the Cold War commenced, one being that the Soviet Union wanted to spread its belief of communism worldwide, which inRead MoreThe Effects of the Cold War on the Americas2241 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of the Cold War on the Americas For nearly fifty years, the world lived in fear as two super-power nations quietly battled for power, respect and popularity of their respective political views. The Cold War arose out of the ashes of the failed alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union in World War II. Many different factors could be linked to the actual cause of the Cold War, however many agree that the political future of Eastern Europe was the major spark that ignitedRead MoreEffects of the Cold War Essay1782 Words   |  8 Pagesall time due to his involvement in the Cold War. The Cold War is a period of time dating back between the late 1940’s to the early 1990’s in which America’s preeminent concern, was containing the Soviet Union and their morals on spreading communism. Considering that the Cold War lasted around forty some years, there are many short terms and long terms effects that go along with it. While the effects of the Cold War seemed to be drastic it actually was a war in which no shots were fired. The mainRead MoreThe Effects of the Cold War in Asia3791 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction The cold war was the name given to the economic, political, military and ideological rivalry that took place between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and their allies after World War II. The two powers never directly engaged in military action because both had nuclear weapons that if used, would have had devastating consequences for both sides. Alternatively, proxy wars were fought. A proxy war results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes forRead MoreCold War And Its Effect On The End Of War1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1945, right after the end of Second World War, cold war broke out. Cold war is the conflict about economic, political and ideology between the USA and the USSR. These countries made this world separated, especially within European countries, into two with super enormous power. In this essay, brief introduction of cold war and the most effective factor to contribute to the end of war will be analysed. When it comes back to the beginning of cold war, in 1946, the barrier which called Iron wallRead MoreEffects Of The Cold War On The American People1709 Words   |  7 PagesKristelle Jadoo Professor Norris HIS 1380 B 12 July 2015 Effects of the Cold War on the American People After World War II came the development of another tension that involved the United States and the Soviet Union and their associated allies. The Cold War produced many dilemmas amongst the American people in terms of how they should comport themselves as a nation. Before World War II the United States had no interest in keeping a strong military system, nor did they send out troops outside

Current Treatments Free Essays

Technological advances are probably one of the most beneficial things that happened to man. It has allowed people to live their lives easier with the help of machines and programs. One area that seems to benefit from technological innovations is the medical field. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Treatments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, the latest developments in medicine and health care have provided people the opportunity to live longer and more comfortably. This is evidenced by better medications, diagnosis, and treatment plans for patients. Personally, I believe that the need for better health care led scientists and health care providers to the development of current treatments. Better knowledge in technology also helped professionals in establishing and discovering new treatments for patients. This is seen in Maguire’s (2002) study wherein he compared two patients who has the same type of illness. One is a former patient who appeared to have succumbed to the symptoms of schizophrenia and was not able to improve and live a normal life even with the medications available at that time. The other patient receives a newer medication for schizophrenia and is able to go back to school and live comfortably. The latter patient was able to benefit from the improvements in the field of health care. â€Å"With advancements in such medications, patients with schizophrenia no longer need to lead a life totally dictated by this order† (Maguire, 2002, p. 10). â€Å"Consequently, they need considerable support and approval in therapy, to help them disclose symptoms that typically seem shameful to them and make the potentially frightening behavioral changes that will be asked of them† (Author, p. 277). Professionals in the field of health care should never be contented with the current treatments and should always look for ways to improve the lives of patients. This can be especially said in the field of psychotherapy wherein current treatment plans and strategies will not always work for every individual and the changing of times affect people’s behaviors, which can affect the treatments that were once thought as the best ones. How to cite Current Treatments, Papers

Scope and Limitations in a Business Research free essay sample

Scope and Limitations in a Business Research BY SHENANIGANS a. What Is meant by scope and limitations? Scope of research refers to the areas that were covered In the research such as research populations. Limitations of research are areas that were not included as part of the research. Limitations are usually determined by budget and time. The scope and limitation should Include the following: 1 . A brief statement of the general purpose of the study. 2. The subject matter and topics studied and discussed. 3.The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong. 4. The population or universe from which the respondents were selected. This must be large enough to make generalizations significant. 5. The period of the study. This Is the time, either months or years, during which the data were gathered. B. How To Write Significance Of The Study You should write about the effect of your study, and how it will change the things. Talk about the benefits it will bring, how it will be helpful, to whom and why.When writing a significance of the study you want to present why you are doing the study, what you are studying, and what you hope to achieve by completing the study. . How to Write Definition of Terms? Guidelines In defining terms: 1 . Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or unique meanings In the study are defined. For instance, the term non-teaching facilities may be used in the study of the teaching of science. Non-teaching facilities may be defined as facilities needed by the students and teachers but are not used to explain the lesson or to make instructions clearer.Examples are toilets or comfort rooms, electric fans, rest rooms or lounges, and the like. They may also be called non- instructional facilities. 2. Terms should be defined operationally, that is how they are used in the study. For instance, a study is made about early marriage. What is meant by early marriage? To make the meaning clear, early marriage may be defined as one in which the contracting parties are both below eighteen years of age. 3. The researcher may develop his own deflation from the characteristics of the term wooden posts, nip, burl, or nip walls; split bamboo floor and Congo or nip roof.This is also an operational definition. 4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, books, magazines and newspaper articles, dictionaries, and other publications but the researcher must acknowledge his sources. Definitions taken from published materials are called conceptual or theoretical definitions. 5. Definitions should ae brief, clear, and unequivocal as possible. 6. Acronyms should always be spelled out fully especially if it is not commonly known or if it is used for the first time. D.Review of related literature and related studies This chapter presents survey of related literature and writing of recognized experts, both of which have significant bearing or relation to the problem under investigation. Guidelines in Citing Related Literature and Studies A. Characteristics of the Materials Cited 1. The materials must be as recent as possible. This is important because of the rapid social, political, scientific, and technological changes. Discoveries in historical and archaeological research have also changed some historical facts.Researchers in education and psychology are also making great strides. So, finding fifteen years ago may have little value today unless the study is a comparative inquiry about the past and the present. Mathematical and statistical procedures, however, are a little more table. 2. Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible. Some materials are extremely one sided, either politically or religiously biased. These should be avoided. 3. Materials must be relevant to the study. Only materials that have some military to or bearing on the problem researched on should be cited. . Materials must not too few but not too many. They must be sufficient enough to give the researcher insight into his problem or to indicate the nature of the present investigation. The number may also depend upon the availability of related materials. This is especially a problem with pioneering studies. Naturally, there are few related materials or even none at all. Ordinarily, from fifteen to twenty-five may do for a masters thesis and from twenty and above for a doctoral dissertation, depending upon their availability and depth and length of discussions.The numbers, however, are only suggestive but not imperative. These are only the usual numbers observed in theses and dissertations surveyed. For an undergraduate thesis about ten may do. The following are the ways of citing related literature and studies: 1. By author or writer. In this method the ideas, facts, or principles, although they have the same meaning, are explained or discussed separately and cited in the footnote with their respective authors or writers. Examples: According to Meringue, praise helps much in learning, etc. (Meringue, 1981) Macaque found out that praise is an important factor in learning, etc. , (Macaque, 1984) 2. By topic. In this case, if different authors or writers have the same opinion about the same topic, the topic is discussed and cited under the names of the authors or writers. This is a summary of their opinions. This is to avoid separate and long concussions of the same topic. Example: It has been found out that praise is an important aid in learning of children. (Meringue, 1981) 3. Chronological.Related materials may also be cited chronologically, that is, according to the year they were written. Materials which were written earlier should be cited first before those which were written later. This can be done especially when citation is by author or writer. If citation is by topic, chronological citation can be done in the footnote. C. What to Cite It should be emphasized that only the major findings, ideas, generalizations, reminisces, or conclusions in related materials relevant to the problem under investigation should be discussed in this chapter.Generally, such findings, ideas, generalizations, principles, or conclusions are summarized, paraphrased, or synthesized. D. Quoting a Material A material may be quoted if the idea conveyed is so perfectly stated or it is controversial and it is not too long. It is written single spaced with wider margins at the left and right sides of the paper but without any quotation marks. Example: Suppose the following is a quotation: Said Meringue, Praise is an important factor in hillsides learning. It encourages them to study their lessons harder.Praise, however, should be given appropriately. Justification of the Study inquiry may only be a replication of another study. It should be stressed also that in spite of similar studies, the present study is still necessary to find out if the findings of studies in other places are also true in the locale of the present study. There may also be a need to continue with the present investigation to affirm or negate the findings of other inquiries about the same research problem or topic so that generalization or principles may be formulated.These generalizations and principles would be the contributions of the present investigation together with other studies to the fund of knowledge. This is one of the more important purposes of research: the contribution that it can give to the fund of knowledge. Synthesis It should be emphasized in this area that the major findings, ideas, generalizations, principles or conclusions in related materials relevant to the problem under investigation. Generally, such findings, ideas, generalizations, principles or conclusions are summarized, paraphrased, or synthesized.